{"authors":[{"id":"orcid_______::296e4833675fdf3e1e44db65f516f38c","fullName":"Holbach, Andreas","name":"Andreas","surname":"Holbach","rank":1,"pid":{"id":{"scheme":"orcid","value":"0000-0002-7665-9341"},"provenance":null}},{"id":null,"fullName":"Stæhr, Sanjina Upadhyay","name":"Sanjina Upadhyay","surname":"Stæhr","rank":2,"pid":null},{"id":"orcid_______::ff9b67ffb7e242b8b693a9840c705a5b","fullName":"Stæhr, Peter Anton Upadhyay","name":"Peter Anton Upadhyay","surname":"Stæhr","rank":3,"pid":{"id":{"scheme":"orcid","value":"0000-0002-1580-4875"},"provenance":null}},{"id":"orcid_______::f57b758a95bc405901a1771922f9c358","fullName":"Markager, Stiig","name":"Stiig","surname":"Markager","rank":4,"pid":{"id":{"scheme":"orcid","value":"0000-0001-5427-2026"},"provenance":null}}],"openAccessColor":"hybrid","publiclyFunded":false,"eoscIfGuidelines":null,"type":"publication","language":{"code":"eng","label":"English"},"countries":[{"code":"DK","label":"Denmark","provenance":null}],"subjects":[{"subject":{"scheme":"keyword","value":"Ocean optics"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"keyword","value":"Spectral model"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"keyword","value":"Monitoring"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"keyword","value":"Diffuse light attenuation coefficient"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"keyword","value":"Coastal waters"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"keyword","value":"Sentinel-3"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"FOS","value":"01 natural sciences"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"keyword","value":"Water clarity"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"FOS","value":"0105 earth and related environmental sciences"},"provenance":null}],"mainTitle":"Estimating underwater light attenuation from space – A spectral approach for case 2 marine waters","subTitle":null,"descriptions":["Water clarity is a key indicator of marine ecosystem health, responding to eutrophication and influencing the distribution of phototrophic life on the seafloor. Traditional ship-based measurements of underwater light profiles and diffuse light attenuation coefficients (Kd) remain fundamental for environmental monitoring, including in Danish waters. However, satellite-based estimates of water clarity are often challenged by optically complex (case 2) waters and limited spectral coverage. This study presents a novel empirical spectral modelling approach across the range of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from 400 to 700 nm that Model-derived KdPAR estimates were validated against in situ measurements from Danish marine waters (2018-2023) and compared with two simpler non-spectral satellite-based approaches. Results showed strong agreement between modelled and in situKdPAR (n = 1458, R = 0.63), outperforming existing satellite-based methods. The new KdPAR product effectively captured spatial and temporal variability in complex case 2 waters, though discrepancies were noted in optically shallow areas, heterogeneous water columns, and seasonal phytoplankton shifts. These findings highlight the potential of operational satellite-derived IOP products as a robust proxy for water clarity, providing a valuable supplement to limited in situ data. The improved spatial and temporal coverage supports enhanced environmental monitoring, aligning with EU Water Framework and Marine Strategy Framework Directives."],"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publisher":"Elsevier BV","embargoEndDate":null,"sources":["Crossref","Holbach, A M, Stæhr, S U, Stæhr, P A & Markager, S 2025, 'Estimating underwater light attenuation from space – A spectral approach for case 2 marine waters', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 986, 179775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179775","Science of The Total Environment"],"formats":["application/pdf"],"contributors":null,"coverages":null,"bestAccessRight":{"code":"c_abf2","label":"OPEN","scheme":"http://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/documentation/access_rights/"},"container":{"name":"Science of The Total Environment","issnPrinted":"0048-9697","issnOnline":null,"issnLinking":null,"ep":null,"iss":null,"sp":"179775","vol":"986","edition":null,"conferencePlace":null,"conferenceDate":null},"documentationUrls":null,"codeRepositoryUrl":null,"programmingLanguage":null,"contactPeople":null,"contactGroups":null,"tools":null,"size":null,"version":null,"geoLocations":null,"id":"doi_dedup___::887be367e46fc34898c96aafc2ef3249","originalIds":["S0048969725014160","10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179775","50|doiboost____|887be367e46fc34898c96aafc2ef3249","40450779","50|od______2416::5e3c9c77befb78c5c00b9115c9c7912d","oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/90939958-26c6-4b97-b91c-6a9b89c6b6c4","oai:zenodo.org:15621878","50|od______2659::887be367e46fc34898c96aafc2ef3249","50|pure_au_____::5e3c9c77befb78c5c00b9115c9c7912d","10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2025.179775","50|r3c4b2081b22::a744b5c68a3bcced0a73493ca183d322","50|sygma_______::887be367e46fc34898c96aafc2ef3249"],"pids":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179775"},{"scheme":"pmid","value":"40450779"}],"dateOfCollection":null,"lastUpdateTimeStamp":null,"indicators":{"citationImpact":{"citationCount":2.0,"influence":2.256161E-9,"popularity":3.5472618E-9,"impulse":2.0,"citationClass":"C5","influenceClass":"C5","impulseClass":"C5","popularityClass":"C4"}},"projects":[{"id":"corda_____he::7bef5c75a46a0f98abc0aa03e8a4fc23","code":"101081642","acronym":"OBAMA-NEXT","title":"OBSERVING AND MAPPING MARINE ECOSYSTEMS – NEXT GENERATION TOOLS","funder":"European Commission","pids":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.3030/101081642"}]}],"organizations":[{"legalName":"Aarhus University","acronym":"AU","id":"openorgs____::d4ceca70c60317a8c1e79c4dd0260a31","pids":[{"scheme":"fundref","value":"501100006308"},{"scheme":"RRID","value":"RRID:SCR_000948"},{"scheme":"Wikidata","value":"Q924265"},{"scheme":"fundref","value":"501100006420"},{"scheme":"mag_id","value":"204337017"},{"scheme":"GRID","value":"grid.7048.b"},{"scheme":"wikidata","value":"Q924265"},{"scheme":"CVR","value":"41826614"},{"scheme":"OrgRef","value":"401280"},{"scheme":"FundRef","value":"501100006420"},{"scheme":"OrgReg","value":"DK0002"},{"scheme":"fundref","value":"501100007205"},{"scheme":"fundref","value":"100007605"},{"scheme":"fundref","value":"100008628"},{"scheme":"CVR","value":"31119103"},{"scheme":"FundRef","value":"501100006308"},{"scheme":"OrgRef","value":"38530302"},{"scheme":"PIC","value":"996342000"},{"scheme":"FundRef","value":"100013225"},{"scheme":"PIC","value":"999997736"},{"scheme":"ROR","value":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44"},{"scheme":"FundRef","value":"501100007205"},{"scheme":"RRID","value":"RRID:nlx_156945"},{"scheme":"FundRef","value":"100015423"},{"scheme":"fundref","value":"100015423"},{"scheme":"FundRef","value":"100012526"},{"scheme":"fundref","value":"501100002739"},{"scheme":"ISNI","value":"0000000119562722"},{"scheme":"fundref","value":"100012526"},{"scheme":"FundRef","value":"501100002739"},{"scheme":"FundRef","value":"100007605"},{"scheme":"fundref","value":"100013225"},{"scheme":"FundRef","value":"100008628"}],"countries":[{"code":"DK","label":"Denmark"}],"websiteurl":"http://www.au.dk/en/"}],"communities":[{"code":"eosc","label":"EOSC","provenance":null},{"code":"uarctic","label":"UArctic","provenance":null}],"collectedFrom":[{"key":"openaire____::a8db6f6b2ce4fe72e8b2314a9a93e7d9","value":"Sygma"},{"key":"opendoar____::5dec707028b05bcbd3a1db5640f842c5","value":"Theses@asb"},{"key":"opendoar____::358aee4cc897452c00244351e4d91f69","value":"ZENODO"},{"key":"openaire____::d76e4d42b3bd658259e8bf9c37ef448f","value":"PURE Aarhus University"},{"key":"openaire____::081b82f96300b6a6e3d282bad31cb6e2","value":"Crossref"},{"key":"opendoar____::8b6dd7db9af49e67306feb59a8bdc52c","value":"Europe PubMed Central"},{"key":"re3data_____::c4b2081b224be6b3e79d0e5e5556f631","value":"European Union Open Data Portal"}],"instances":[{"pids":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179775"}],"license":"CC BY","accessRight":{"code":"c_abf2","label":"OPEN","scheme":"http://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/documentation/access_rights/","openAccessRoute":"hybrid"},"type":"Article","urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179775"],"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","refereed":"peerReviewed","hostedBy":{"key":"issn___print::00f0daec9ef6ecfa16d5915fba4dc271","value":"The Science of The Total Environment"},"collectedFrom":{"key":"openaire____::081b82f96300b6a6e3d282bad31cb6e2","value":"Crossref"}},{"pids":[{"scheme":"pmid","value":"40450779"}],"alternateIdentifiers":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179775"}],"type":"Article","urls":["https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40450779"],"refereed":"nonPeerReviewed","hostedBy":{"key":"openaire____::55045bd2a65019fd8e6741a755395c8c","value":"Unknown Repository"},"collectedFrom":{"key":"opendoar____::8b6dd7db9af49e67306feb59a8bdc52c","value":"Europe PubMed Central"}},{"alternateIdentifiers":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179775"},{"scheme":"pmid","value":"40450779"}],"license":"CC BY","accessRight":{"code":"c_abf2","label":"OPEN","scheme":"http://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/documentation/access_rights/","openAccessRoute":null},"type":"Article","urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179775","https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/469367217/1-s2.0-S0048969725014160-main.pdf","https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105006833512","https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/90939958-26c6-4b97-b91c-6a9b89c6b6c4"],"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","refereed":"nonPeerReviewed","hostedBy":{"key":"opendoar____::5dec707028b05bcbd3a1db5640f842c5","value":"Theses@asb"},"collectedFrom":{"key":"opendoar____::5dec707028b05bcbd3a1db5640f842c5","value":"Theses@asb"}},{"alternateIdentifiers":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179775"},{"scheme":"oai","value":"oai:zenodo.org:15621878"}],"license":"CC BY","accessRight":{"code":"c_abf2","label":"OPEN","scheme":"http://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/documentation/access_rights/","openAccessRoute":null},"type":"Article","urls":["https://zenodo.org/records/15621878","http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179775"],"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","refereed":"nonPeerReviewed","hostedBy":{"key":"opendoar____::358aee4cc897452c00244351e4d91f69","value":"ZENODO"},"collectedFrom":{"key":"opendoar____::358aee4cc897452c00244351e4d91f69","value":"ZENODO"}},{"alternateIdentifiers":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179775"},{"scheme":"pmid","value":"40450779"}],"license":"CC BY","accessRight":{"code":"c_abf2","label":"OPEN","scheme":"http://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/documentation/access_rights/","openAccessRoute":null},"type":"Article","urls":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179775","https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/469367217/1-s2.0-S0048969725014160-main.pdf","https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105006833512","https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/90939958-26c6-4b97-b91c-6a9b89c6b6c4"],"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","refereed":"nonPeerReviewed","hostedBy":{"key":"openaire____::d76e4d42b3bd658259e8bf9c37ef448f","value":"PURE Aarhus University"},"collectedFrom":{"key":"openaire____::d76e4d42b3bd658259e8bf9c37ef448f","value":"PURE Aarhus University"}},{"alternateIdentifiers":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179775"}],"type":"Article","urls":["http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2025.179775"],"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","refereed":"peerReviewed","hostedBy":{"key":"issn___print::00f0daec9ef6ecfa16d5915fba4dc271","value":"The Science of The Total Environment"},"collectedFrom":{"key":"re3data_____::c4b2081b224be6b3e79d0e5e5556f631","value":"European Union Open Data Portal"}},{"alternateIdentifiers":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179775"}],"license":"Elsevier TDM","accessRight":{"code":"c_abf2","label":"OPEN","scheme":"http://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/documentation/access_rights/","openAccessRoute":null},"type":"Article","urls":["http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179775"],"refereed":"nonPeerReviewed","hostedBy":{"key":"openaire____::55045bd2a65019fd8e6741a755395c8c","value":"Unknown Repository"},"collectedFrom":{"key":"openaire____::a8db6f6b2ce4fe72e8b2314a9a93e7d9","value":"Sygma"}}],"links":[{"header":{"relationType":"resultProject","relationClass":"isProducedBy","relatedIdentifier":"corda_____he::7bef5c75a46a0f98abc0aa03e8a4fc23","relatedRecordType":"project","relationProvenance":"sysimport:crosswalk:repository","trust":"0.9"},"collectedfrom":[{"dsId":"openaire____::3f264f93cf3b0cfc4ede188a6300455c","dsName":"CORDA - COmmon Research DAta Warehouse - Horizon Europe"}],"projectTitle":"OBSERVING AND MAPPING MARINE ECOSYSTEMS – NEXT GENERATION TOOLS","code":"101081642","funding":{"funder":{"id":"ec__________::EC","shortname":"EC","name":"European Commission","jurisdiction":{"code":"EU","label":"European Union"},"pid":null},"level0":{"id":"ec__________::EC::HE","description":"Horizon Europe Framework Programme","name":"HE"},"level1":{"id":"ec__________::EC::HE::HORIZON-RIA","description":"HORIZON  Research and Innovation Actions","name":"HORIZON-RIA"},"level2":{"id":null,"description":null,"name":null}},"startDate":"2022-12-01","endDate":"2026-11-30"}],"otherTitles":null,"green":true,"inDiamondJournal":false,"isGreen":true,"isInDiamondJournal":false}