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However, this leads to increased energy requirements, incompatible with batteries of conventional tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS). Strain energy harvesting offers a viable approach to harness the forces acting on tires. This article presents a complete energy harvesting solution for sustainable battery-less operation of automotive Bluetooth smart tire sensors. High-voltage synchronous electric charge extraction (HV-SECE) from flexible PVDF transducers is proposed, modeled in overdamped regimes, and validated for the first time in a realistic automotive scenario. The proposed HV-SECE circuits can manage input voltages up to 300 V and provide a 3 V regulated voltage in a minimum footprint area down to 22 × 20 × 7.3 mm. At 40 km/h, in 205/55-R16 tires, the maximum harvested power from 10 × 5 cm bimorphs made with 45 μm-thick PVDF foils amounts to 925 μW. Even at low speeds, HV-SECE interfaces can cold-start the wireless tire sensor in less than 60 s, faster than regulatory TPMS requirements, and ensure energy surplus."],"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","embargoEndDate":"2026-03-25","sources":["Crossref"],"formats":["application/pdf"],"contributors":null,"coverages":null,"bestAccessRight":{"code":"c_f1cf","label":"EMBARGO","scheme":"http://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/documentation/access_rights/"},"container":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics","issnPrinted":"0278-0046","issnOnline":"1557-9948","issnLinking":null,"ep":"6505","iss":null,"sp":"6494","vol":"73","edition":null,"conferencePlace":null,"conferenceDate":null},"documentationUrls":null,"codeRepositoryUrl":null,"programmingLanguage":null,"contactPeople":null,"contactGroups":null,"tools":null,"size":null,"version":null,"geoLocations":null,"id":"doi_dedup___::7004cdf27a63f7b6d75ff1759a6bae9d","originalIds":["10.1109/tie.2025.3632478","50|doiboost____|7004cdf27a63f7b6d75ff1759a6bae9d","50|dblp________::689ce5e5bd94ad82e8037779c49a13d1","oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/1039374","50|od______4094::b11de6cf5ee389eb63532745779eb9f7"],"pids":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.1109/tie.2025.3632478"},{"scheme":"handle","value":"11585/1039374"}],"dateOfCollection":null,"lastUpdateTimeStamp":null,"indicators":{"citationImpact":{"citationCount":0.0,"influence":2.2251732E-9,"popularity":2.7165745E-9,"impulse":0.0,"citationClass":"C5","influenceClass":"C5","impulseClass":"C5","popularityClass":"C5"}},"projects":[{"id":"corda__h2020::3412cd3900ea6db12311aa67d1351aa4","code":"101007247","acronym":"Energy ECS","title":"Smart and secure energy solutions for future mobility","funder":"European Commission","pids":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.3030/101007247"}]}],"organizations":[{"legalName":"RISE Research Institutes of Sweden","acronym":"RISE","id":"openorgs____::6a98c3c68baea3442a0b005d521c3ed1","pids":[{"scheme":"OrgReg","value":"SE1011"},{"scheme":"PIC","value":"999613422"},{"scheme":"wikidata","value":"Q7315107"},{"scheme":"wikidata","value":"Q16943733"},{"scheme":"GRID","value":"grid.450998.9"},{"scheme":"ISNI","value":"0000000404381162"},{"scheme":"Wikidata","value":"Q7654723"},{"scheme":"wikidata","value":"Q22976165"},{"scheme":"Wikidata","value":"Q6039690"},{"scheme":"ISNI","value":"0000000106922258"},{"scheme":"ISNI","value":"0000000446712118"},{"scheme":"ISNI","value":"000000009704849X"},{"scheme":"ISNI","value":"0000000101236216"},{"scheme":"wikidata","value":"Q18589700"},{"scheme":"PIC","value":"972880319"},{"scheme":"mag_id","value":"2800664555"},{"scheme":"ISNI","value":"0000000121048052"},{"scheme":"ISNI","value":"0000000114565596"},{"scheme":"Wikidata","value":"Q7392710"},{"scheme":"ISNI","value":"0000000404381242"},{"scheme":"ISNI","value":"0000000406244647"},{"scheme":"Wikidata","value":"Q7315107"},{"scheme":"OrgReg","value":"SE1027"},{"scheme":"wikidata","value":"Q7654723"},{"scheme":"ISNI","value":"0000000446498588"},{"scheme":"Wikidata","value":"Q16943733"},{"scheme":"wikidata","value":"Q7392710"},{"scheme":"Wikidata","value":"Q22976165"},{"scheme":"wikidata","value":"Q6039690"},{"scheme":"Wikidata","value":"Q18589700"},{"scheme":"ROR","value":"https://ror.org/03nnxqz81"},{"scheme":"ISNI","value":"0000000106857214"}]},{"legalName":"Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna","acronym":"UNIBO","id":"openorgs____::b5ca9d4340e26454e367e2908ef3872f","pids":[{"scheme":"mag_id","value":"9360294"},{"scheme":"OrgReg","value":"IT0009"},{"scheme":"ROR","value":"https://ror.org/01111rn36"},{"scheme":"wikidata","value":"Q131262"},{"scheme":"fundref","value":"501100005969"},{"scheme":"OrgRef","value":"263329"},{"scheme":"PIC","value":"999993953"},{"scheme":"ISNI","value":"0000000417571758"},{"scheme":"FundRef","value":"501100005969"},{"scheme":"Wikidata","value":"Q131262"},{"scheme":"GRID","value":"grid.6292.f"},{"scheme":"RRID","value":"RRID:SCR_011610"}]}],"communities":null,"collectedFrom":[{"key":"openaire____::081b82f96300b6a6e3d282bad31cb6e2","value":"Crossref"},{"key":"openaire____::d8b68cc0a53121f6f896883a7d60c1db","value":"DBLP"},{"key":"opendoar____::64c53a52cb3bd1a01c03a64db985c0cc","value":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - 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