{"authors":[{"id":"orcid_______::277be917f3ed9d21e4fddee50de285a5","fullName":"Akhil Mathews","name":"Akhil","surname":"Mathews","rank":1,"pid":{"id":{"scheme":"orcid","value":"0000-0001-7137-0154"},"provenance":null}},{"id":"orcid_______::6bdfe196f04af9b44accc0f93e12e89e","fullName":"Hongyang Cheng","name":"Hongyang","surname":"Cheng","rank":2,"pid":{"id":{"scheme":"orcid","value":"0000-0001-7652-8600"},"provenance":null}},{"id":null,"fullName":"Miguel Angel Celigueta","name":"Miguel Angel","surname":"Celigueta","rank":3,"pid":{"id":{"scheme":"orcid_pending","value":"0000-0002-7763-4410"},"provenance":null}},{"id":"orcid_______::de9fceb46b8afad0691569da3e61d7dc","fullName":"Stefanos-Aldo Papanicolopulos","name":"Stefanos-Aldo","surname":"Papanicolopulos","rank":4,"pid":{"id":{"scheme":"orcid","value":"0000-0002-5783-0844"},"provenance":null}},{"id":null,"fullName":"Jin Y. Ooi","name":"Jin Y.","surname":"Ooi","rank":5,"pid":null}],"openAccessColor":"hybrid","publiclyFunded":false,"eoscIfGuidelines":null,"type":"publication","language":{"code":"eng","label":"English"},"countries":[{"code":"GB","label":"United Kingdom","provenance":null},{"code":"NL","label":"Netherlands","provenance":null}],"subjects":[{"subject":{"scheme":"keyword","value":"UT-Hybrid-D"},"provenance":null}],"mainTitle":"Concurrent multi-scale modeling of granular materials: Benchmarking volume-coupled DEM-FEM models across elastic and elasto-plastic regimes","subTitle":null,"descriptions":["<p>We develop and benchmark a concurrent DEM–FEM scheme that couples particle and continuum physics via an overlapping region with penalty-enforced kinematic compatibility, implemented in Kratos Multiphysics. Analysis spans three levels: (i) a mono-disperse elastic column with an exact reference, (ii) an elastic polydisperse assembly, and (iii) an elasto-plastic polydisperse assembly whose continuum follows a Drucker–Prager law calibrated to DEM data through Bayesian inference. We quantify how penalty magnitude, spatial weighting, and mesh-to-particle size ratio govern stress/strain transfer, lateral stress ratio K, and the emergence of local overlap artefacts, and show that smooth weights and sufficient Gauss-point sampling suppress spikes without degrading accuracy. Across friction levels, the hybrid model closely reproduces DEM axial hysteresis and lateral–vertical stress paths, and macroscopic discrepancies align with contact-scale slip statistics, highlighting the limitations of an elastic–plastic (Drucker Prager) FEM model in capturing dilatancy evolution and path dependence. The results provide practical guidance on parameter selection and hybrid-zone design, demonstrate scalability to large granular systems, and indicate the specific flow regimes in which a more advanced continuum model (e.g. with non-associated plasticity, strain hardening/softening, or fabric evolution) would be needed to fully match DEM.</p>"],"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publisher":"Elsevier BV","embargoEndDate":null,"sources":["Crossref","Mathews, A, Cheng, H, Celigueta, M A, Papanicolopulos, S-A & Ooi, J Y 2026, 'Concurrent multi-scale modeling of granular materials: Benchmarking volume-coupled DEM-FEM models across elastic and elasto-plastic regimes', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 191, 107834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107834"],"formats":["application/pdf"],"contributors":null,"coverages":null,"bestAccessRight":{"code":"c_abf2","label":"OPEN","scheme":"http://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/documentation/access_rights/"},"container":{"name":"Computers and 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