{"authors":[{"id":"orcid_______::f77a596fc7f61d4605aa78dbcfea874a","fullName":"Christian Sbrana","name":null,"surname":null,"rank":1,"pid":{"id":{"scheme":"orcid","value":"0000-0002-1335-2430"},"provenance":null}},{"id":"orcid_______::12889a62d117fffb4ce15c04dc159a46","fullName":"Alessandro Catania","name":null,"surname":null,"rank":2,"pid":{"id":{"scheme":"orcid","value":"0000-0001-7242-6228"},"provenance":null}},{"id":null,"fullName":"Tommaso Toschi","name":null,"surname":null,"rank":3,"pid":null},{"id":null,"fullName":"Sebastiano Strangio","name":null,"surname":null,"rank":4,"pid":{"id":{"scheme":"orcid_pending","value":"0000-0002-6984-1137"},"provenance":null}},{"id":"orcid_______::ca18f89e9cc7523f570054eac2bee17b","fullName":"Giuseppe Iannaccone","name":null,"surname":null,"rank":5,"pid":{"id":{"scheme":"orcid","value":"0000-0003-3375-1647"},"provenance":null}}],"openAccessColor":null,"publiclyFunded":false,"eoscIfGuidelines":null,"type":"publication","language":{"code":"und","label":"Undetermined"},"countries":[{"code":"IT","label":"Italy","provenance":null}],"subjects":[{"subject":{"scheme":"keyword","value":"Signal Processing (eess.SP)"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"keyword","value":"FOS: Computer and information sciences"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"keyword","value":"ADC; delta-sigma; High-temperature electronics; SOI CMOS"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"keyword","value":"Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"FOS","value":"0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"keyword","value":"FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"FOS","value":"02 engineering and technology"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"keyword","value":"Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing"},"provenance":null},{"subject":{"scheme":"keyword","value":"Computer Science - Hardware Architecture"},"provenance":null}],"mainTitle":"12-bit Delta-Sigma ADC Operating at a Temperature of Up to 250                     <sup>°</sup>                     C in Standard 0.18 μm SOI CMOS","subTitle":null,"descriptions":["Some applications require electronic systems to operate at extremely high temperature. Extending the operating temperature range of automotive-grade CMOS processes -- through the use of dedicated design techniques -- can provide an important cost-effective advantage. We present a second-order discrete-time delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter operating at a temperature of up to 250 $^\\circ$C, well beyond the 175 $^\\circ$C qualification temperature of the automotive-grade CMOS process used for its fabrication (XFAB XT018). The analog-to-digital converter incorporates design techniques that are effective in mitigating the adverse effects of the high temperature, such as increased leakage currents and electromigration. We use configurations of dummy transistors for leakage compensation, clock-boosting methods to limit pass-gate cross-talk, and we optimized the circuit architecture to ensure stability and accuracy at high temperature. Comprehensive measurements demonstrate that the analog-to-digital converter achieves a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 93 dB at 250 $^\\circ$C, with an effective number of bits of 12, and a power consumption of only 44~mW. The die area of the converter is only 0.065~mm$^2$ and the area overhead of the high-temperature mitigation circuits is only 13.7%. The Schreier Figure of Merit is 140~dB at the maximum temperature of 250 $^\\circ$C, proving the potential of the circuit for reliable operation in challenging applications such as gas and oil extraction and aeronautics.","9 pages, 6 figures. This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication"],"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","embargoEndDate":"2025-01-01","sources":["Crossref"],"formats":null,"contributors":null,"coverages":null,"bestAccessRight":{"code":"c_abf2","label":"OPEN","scheme":"http://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/documentation/access_rights/"},"container":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers","issnPrinted":"1549-8328","issnOnline":"1558-0806","issnLinking":null,"ep":"7587","iss":null,"sp":"7578","vol":"72","edition":null,"conferencePlace":null,"conferenceDate":null},"documentationUrls":null,"codeRepositoryUrl":null,"programmingLanguage":null,"contactPeople":null,"contactGroups":null,"tools":null,"size":null,"version":null,"geoLocations":null,"id":"doi_dedup___::19cb665ef8efe6d4b9bb403b1edf8d63","originalIds":["10.1109/tcsi.2025.3573506","50|doiboost____|bc068a585d709757b54c120409a4a5b4","50|datacite____::19cb665ef8efe6d4b9bb403b1edf8d63","10.48550/arxiv.2501.00482","50|od________18::054964710e37e485696a7e99cd4bc087","oai:arXiv.org:2501.00482","50|dblp________::99c2460269f4ae7fe45f5ef9f3429e72","50|dblp________::9a033359355c9e7fb051d98617f29253","50|od______3728::2aa633218dfd07ec9aef4413500beee0","oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1316767"],"pids":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.1109/tcsi.2025.3573506"},{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.48550/arxiv.2501.00482"},{"scheme":"arXiv","value":"2501.00482"},{"scheme":"handle","value":"11568/1316767"}],"dateOfCollection":null,"lastUpdateTimeStamp":null,"indicators":{"citationImpact":{"citationCount":2.0,"influence":2.4229663E-9,"popularity":3.729244E-9,"impulse":2.0,"citationClass":"C5","influenceClass":"C5","impulseClass":"C5","popularityClass":"C4"}},"projects":[{"id":"corda__h2020::e2d6811f4d7ceea54ed5e83cd58e18cd","code":"876362","acronym":"CHARM","title":"Challenging environments tolerant Smart systems for IoT and AI","funder":"European Commission","pids":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.3030/876362"}]},{"id":"corda_____he::f5b6be03c9aa166578d2353611e828e2","code":"101139790","acronym":"ECS4DRES","title":"Electronic Components and Systems for flexible, coordinated and resilient Distributed Renewable Energy Systems","funder":"European Commission","pids":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.3030/101139790"}]}],"organizations":[{"legalName":"University of Pisa","acronym":"UniPi","id":"openorgs____::38db6cabbae1a9066b29d54da7263eb1","pids":[{"scheme":"RRID","value":"RRID:SCR_006616"},{"scheme":"GRID","value":"grid.5395.a"},{"scheme":"Wikidata","value":"Q645663"},{"scheme":"wikidata","value":"Q645663"},{"scheme":"mag_id","value":"108290504"},{"scheme":"fundref","value":"501100007514"},{"scheme":"PIC","value":"999862712"},{"scheme":"FundRef","value":"501100007514"},{"scheme":"ISNI","value":"0000000417573729"},{"scheme":"OrgReg","value":"IT0059"},{"scheme":"ROR","value":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10"},{"scheme":"OrgRef","value":"453158"}]}],"communities":[{"code":"eunice","label":"EUNICE","provenance":null}],"collectedFrom":[{"key":"openaire____::9e3be59865b2c1c335d32dae2fe7b254","value":"Datacite"},{"key":"opendoar____::460b491b917d4185ed1f5be97229721a","value":"Archivio della Ricerca - Università di Pisa"},{"key":"openaire____::081b82f96300b6a6e3d282bad31cb6e2","value":"Crossref"},{"key":"openaire____::d8b68cc0a53121f6f896883a7d60c1db","value":"DBLP"},{"key":"opendoar____::6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23","value":"arXiv.org e-Print Archive"}],"instances":[{"pids":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.1109/tcsi.2025.3573506"}],"license":"IEEE Copyright","accessRight":{"code":"c_14cb","label":"CLOSED","scheme":"http://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/documentation/access_rights/","openAccessRoute":null},"type":"Article","urls":["https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2025.3573506"],"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","refereed":"peerReviewed","hostedBy":{"key":"issn___print::3dda56302a4fe59f6784ee41a23aa39c","value":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I Regular Papers"},"collectedFrom":{"key":"openaire____::081b82f96300b6a6e3d282bad31cb6e2","value":"Crossref"}},{"pids":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.48550/arxiv.2501.00482"}],"license":"CC 0","type":"Article","urls":["https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2501.00482"],"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","refereed":"nonPeerReviewed","hostedBy":{"key":"openaire____::55045bd2a65019fd8e6741a755395c8c","value":"Unknown Repository"},"collectedFrom":{"key":"openaire____::9e3be59865b2c1c335d32dae2fe7b254","value":"Datacite"}},{"pids":[{"scheme":"arXiv","value":"2501.00482"}],"accessRight":{"code":"c_abf2","label":"OPEN","scheme":"http://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/documentation/access_rights/","openAccessRoute":null},"type":"Preprint","urls":["http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.00482"],"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","refereed":"nonPeerReviewed","hostedBy":{"key":"opendoar____::6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23","value":"arXiv.org e-Print Archive"},"collectedFrom":{"key":"opendoar____::6f4922f45568161a8cdf4ad2299f6d23","value":"arXiv.org e-Print Archive"}},{"alternateIdentifiers":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.48550/arxiv.2501.00482"}],"type":"Preprint","urls":["https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.00482"],"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","refereed":"nonPeerReviewed","hostedBy":{"key":"openaire____::d8b68cc0a53121f6f896883a7d60c1db","value":"DBLP"},"collectedFrom":{"key":"openaire____::d8b68cc0a53121f6f896883a7d60c1db","value":"DBLP"}},{"alternateIdentifiers":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.1109/tcsi.2025.3573506"}],"type":"Article","urls":["https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2025.3573506"],"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","refereed":"nonPeerReviewed","hostedBy":{"key":"openaire____::d8b68cc0a53121f6f896883a7d60c1db","value":"DBLP"},"collectedFrom":{"key":"openaire____::d8b68cc0a53121f6f896883a7d60c1db","value":"DBLP"}},{"pids":[{"scheme":"handle","value":"11568/1316767"}],"alternateIdentifiers":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.1109/tcsi.2025.3573506"},{"scheme":"urn","value":"2-s2.0-105008086066"}],"accessRight":{"code":"c_14cb","label":"CLOSED","scheme":"http://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/documentation/access_rights/","openAccessRoute":null},"type":"Article","urls":["https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1316767","https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2025.3573506"],"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","refereed":"nonPeerReviewed","hostedBy":{"key":"opendoar____::460b491b917d4185ed1f5be97229721a","value":"Archivio della Ricerca - Università di Pisa"},"collectedFrom":{"key":"opendoar____::460b491b917d4185ed1f5be97229721a","value":"Archivio della Ricerca - Università di Pisa"}}],"links":[{"header":{"relationType":"resultProject","relationClass":"isProducedBy","relatedIdentifier":"corda__h2020::e2d6811f4d7ceea54ed5e83cd58e18cd","relatedRecordType":"project","relationProvenance":"sysimport:crosswalk:repository","trust":"0.9"},"collectedfrom":[{"dsId":"openaire____::a55eb91348674d853191f4f4fd73d078","dsName":"CORDA - COmmon Research DAta Warehouse - Horizon 2020"}],"projectTitle":"Challenging environments tolerant Smart systems for IoT and AI","code":"876362","funding":{"funder":{"id":"ec__________::EC","shortname":"EC","name":"European Commission","jurisdiction":{"code":"EU","label":"European Union"},"pid":null},"level0":{"id":"ec__________::EC::H2020","description":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","name":"H2020"},"level1":{"id":"ec__________::EC::H2020::ECSEL-IA","description":"ECSEL Innovation Action","name":"ECSEL-IA"},"level2":{"id":null,"description":null,"name":null}},"startDate":"2020-06-01","endDate":"2024-02-29"},{"header":{"relationType":"resultProject","relationClass":"isProducedBy","relatedIdentifier":"corda_____he::f5b6be03c9aa166578d2353611e828e2","relatedRecordType":"project","relationProvenance":"iis","trust":"0.897"},"collectedfrom":[{"dsId":"openaire____::3f264f93cf3b0cfc4ede188a6300455c","dsName":"CORDA - COmmon Research DAta Warehouse - Horizon Europe"}],"projectTitle":"Electronic Components and Systems for flexible, coordinated and resilient Distributed Renewable Energy Systems","code":"101139790","funding":{"funder":{"id":"ec__________::EC","shortname":"EC","name":"European Commission","jurisdiction":{"code":"EU","label":"European Union"},"pid":null},"level0":{"id":"ec__________::EC::HE","description":"Horizon Europe Framework Programme","name":"HE"},"level1":{"id":"ec__________::EC::HE::HORIZON-JU-IA","description":"HORIZON JU Innovation Actions","name":"HORIZON-JU-IA"},"level2":{"id":null,"description":null,"name":null}},"startDate":"2024-07-01","endDate":"2027-06-30"}],"otherTitles":null,"inDiamondJournal":false,"green":true,"isGreen":true,"isInDiamondJournal":false}